Pros

Cons

• Shallow pass (2” deep) – loosens residue, opens soil to create ½” seed bed.
• Deeper pass (4” deep) fractures top 2-3” of soil and creates 1” of seed bed.
• Keeps macro-pores somewhat undamaged.
• Residue incorporated in top 1” of soil.
• 2 passes- reasonable seed bed.

• High Horsepower usage
• On clay ground and severe drought- not enough bare ground for the roots to head out.
• Expensive to purchase.
• New types/costs to maintain.
• Does not incorporate residue into 3” of tilled ground, most on top.